Di-tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP): AComprehensive Guide to Properties, Uses, and Safety
Introduction
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), alsoreferred to by names such as luperox di, tert-butylperoxide, or ditertiary butyl peroxide, is a vitalorganic peroxide in industrial chemistry. With the chemical formula C₈H₁₈O₂ (CAS110-05-4), this compound is prized for its stability and ability to generate
free radicals under controlled conditions. DTBP plays a pivotal role in
polymerization, crosslinking, and organic synthesis, making it indispensable in
sectors ranging from plastics manufacturing to fuel additives. This article
delves into the chemical properties, diverse applications, safety protocols,
and regulatory landscape of DTBP, optimized for SEO to address common search
queries like di tert butyl peroxide uses, dtbp chemical,and luperox di tert butyl peroxide.
Chemical and Physical Properties of DTBP
Structure and Stability
DTBP consists of two tert-butyl groups ((CH₃)₃C-) linked by an oxygen-oxygen (peroxide) bond. This structurecontributes to its thermal stability at roomtemperature, though it decomposes rapidly at elevated temperatures (180–240°C)
to produce tert-butanol, acetone, and methane.
Key Physical Characteristics
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a sharp odor.
Boiling Point: 109–110°C.
Melting Point: -30°C to -40°C.
Density: 0.794–0.796 g/cm³ at 25°C.
Flash Point: 12.5–18°C (closed cup), classifying it as highly flammable.
Solubility: Immiscible in water but soluble in organic solvents like benzene, toluene, and ether.
Reactivity and Decomposition
DTBP’s peroxide bond is sensitive to heat, shock, friction, and acidicconditions. Its controlled decomposition makes itideal for initiating radical-based reactions, while improper handling risks
explosive decomposition.
Industrial and Commercial Applications
1. Polymerization Initiator
DTBP is widely used as a radical initiator in the productionof polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene
(PP).
High-Pressure Polyethylene Production: DTBP triggers chain-growth polymerization, enabling precise control over molecular weight distribution.
Polypropylene Degradation: By selectively breaking polymer chains, DTBP improves the melt flow index
(MFI) of polypropylene, facilitating applications in fibers and films.
2. Crosslinking Agent in Rubber and Plastics
In siliconerubber and unsaturatedpolyester resins, DTBP induces crosslinking,enhancing:
Thermal Resistance: Critical for automotive hoses and gaskets.
Mechanical Strength: Used in cable insulation and industrial adhesives.
FDA Compliance: Approved for food-grade rubber products like bottle stoppers.
3. Organic Synthesis
DTBP serves as a methylatingagent and radicalsource in synthesizing pharmaceuticals andagrochemicals. For example:
Heterocycle Synthesis: Facilitates the creation of pyrimidine derivatives for drug development.
Oxidation Reactions: Used in converting sulfides to sulfoxides.
4. Fuel and Oil Additives
Diesel Cetane Improver: Enhignes ignition efficiency in diesel engines.
Transformer Oil Additive: Acts as a pour-point depressant, maintaining fluidity at low temperatures.
5. Specialty Chemical Manufacturing
Suppliers like Sigma-Aldrich (listed under dtbp sigma) provide high-purity DTBPfor research and niche applications, such as nanoparticle synthesis.
Safety Protocols and Hazard Management
Storage and Handling
Temperature Control: Store in cool (<30°C), well-ventilated areas away from heat sources.
Material Compatibility: Use stainless steel or polyethylene containers; avoid contact with acids,
metals, or reducing agents.
Packaging: Typically supplied in 20 kg plastic pails to minimize contamination risks.
Health Hazards
Inhalation/Contact: May cause respiratory or skin irritation. Use PPE (gloves, goggles, respirators).
Fire Risks: Decomposes explosively at high temperatures. Use dry chemical powder or alcohol-resistant foam for firefighting.
Regulatory Compliance
Transport Classification: UN 3107 (Organic Peroxide Type E, Liquid).
HS Code: 2847000000 for international trade.
Environmental Regulations: Classified as hazardous waste; disposal must comply with local guidelines.
Future Trends and Innovations
Emerging applications of DTBP include:
Green Chemistry: Development of bio-based peroxides to reduce environmental impact.
Advanced Materials: Crosslinking agent for next-generation polymers in aerospace and electronics.
Energy Storage: Research into DTBP as a stabilizer for lithium-ion batteries.
Conclusion
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) remains acornerstone of modern industrial chemistry, balancing reactivity with relative
stability. From polymer manufacturing to cutting-edge research, its
applications are vast and evolving. Adherence to safety guidelines and
collaboration with reputable suppliers like Sigma-Aldrich (for dtbpsigma products) ensures optimal outcomes. For tailored technicalsupport or procurement, consult certified suppliers to meet your specific
needs.
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